Third, Application (a) Chemicals The chemical industry deals with a wide range of materials, each with unique characteristics and properties. These materials can exist in various forms, such as solutions, suspensions, slurries, pastes, powders, granules, fibers, or irregular shapes. They also differ in physical properties—some are cohesive, while others are loose; some are heat-resistant, while others are highly sensitive to temperature. Additionally, moisture within these materials can be present as surface water, capillary water, or crystal water, which adds complexity to the drying process. Beyond basic moisture control, dried products must maintain their chemical, biochemical, and even electrical and magnetic properties. Many products require specific attributes like bulk density, particle size, and color, and some materials must avoid deformation or cracking during drying. Due to these diverse requirements, different drying technologies and equipment are necessary for each material type. In the chemical industry, over a dozen types of dryers are commonly used, with nearly 100 specifications available. Popular models include box-type, tunnel, belt, fluidized bed, spray, rotary, drum, and vacuum dryers. Some systems combine multiple methods, such as vacuum double cone, paddle, flash evaporation, and microwave or far-infrared dryers. China has made significant progress in drying technology over the past three decades, with most industrial drying equipment now manufactured domestically. This has reduced reliance on imports, and some Chinese manufacturers have reached international standards. However, there is still room for improvement in areas like theoretical research, quality control, automation, and large-scale production. (b) Petrochemical Petrochemical equipment is advanced, complex, and highly integrated, requiring significant technological and financial investment. It is a knowledge- and technology-intensive industry. China has made great strides in localizing major petrochemical equipment since the 1980s, with oil refining equipment achieving over 90% localization and chemical equipment around 70%. Several key pieces of equipment now match or approach global standards. Common dryers in this sector include fluidized bed, flash, paddle, steam rotary, and drum dryers. Many of these have replaced imported alternatives, showing the industry's growing self-sufficiency. (c) Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceutical drying equipment has evolved significantly over time. In the 1960s, box-type ovens were widely used, followed by vacuum dryers in the 1980s. By the 1990s, boiling beds, spray dryers, and coating systems became common. By the end of the 20th century, vacuum freeze dryers and microwave dryers were produced domestically, meeting industry needs. The introduction of GMP certification further boosted the development of medical drying equipment. (d) Food Freeze-drying technology preserves the original shape, color, flavor, and nutrients of food, making it ideal for fruits, vegetables, condiments, beverages, and more. This technique was first developed in Denmark in the early 1940s and is now widely used globally. Freeze dryers vary in size, from small experimental units to large industrial systems. They come in different configurations—square, round, or tunnel-shaped—and operate manually, semi-automatically, or fully automatically. There are also various freezing methods, including direct and indirect cooling and heating. Leading manufacturers include Danish Atlas and Japanese Republic Vacuum. Future developments focus on improving product quality and reducing costs, with research into optimal drying curves and quality inspection methods. Food dehydration, especially for fruits and vegetables, is an active area of research. Dehydration reduces moisture content, increases solubility, inhibits microbial growth, and slows enzyme activity, allowing for longer storage and easier transport. (e) Grain Grain dryers abroad are categorized based on structure and drying principles, such as forward-flow, cross-flow, mixed-flow, counter-flow, and internal-cycle mobile dryers. In China, institutions like China Agricultural University have conducted extensive research on grain drying, developing tools to measure thermal characteristics, moisture diffusion, and drying rates. Computer simulations have helped bridge the gap between domestic and international standards. (f) Timber Common wood drying methods include conventional steam, high-temperature, desiccant, solar, vacuum, high-frequency, microwave, and smoke drying. While conventional steam drying remains dominant, dehumidification, vacuum, microwave, and high-frequency methods are gaining popularity. Combined drying techniques, such as dehumidification-microwave systems, are expected to play a key role in future developments. (Writer: Secretary-General and Deputy Secretary-General of the Drying Technology Professional Group, Chemical Engineering Committee, China Chemical Industry Society)

extrusion heat sink

Extrusion Heat Sink,Extruded Heat Sink,Extruded Heat Sink Profiles,Extruded Aluminum Heatsink

Suzhou Wint Electric Co., Ltd , https://www.wintocool.com