Solid-state lithium battery: a whole industry chain is hard to start

固态锂电池:一场全产业链硬仗正在打响

It can be said that whoever masters the power battery, who has mastered the new energy vehicle. In a number of research and development in battery technology, solid-state lithium batteries to be treated as the next outlet, in some of the world's top experts, a number of research institutions, companies, and research and development funds to support the influx of around the solid-state lithium batteries This strategic commanding heights, from technical patents to experimental mass production, launched a tough battle.

Power battery industry enters the "Spring and Autumn Period"

The medium and long-term development of the new energy vehicle industry requires technical reserves. Although it is theoretically possible to increase the cruising range by increasing the battery load, it also increases the cost and weight of the power system. From the perspective of economy and safety, increasing the battery energy density is the right choice.

There is no doubt that lithium-ion batteries will remain the best choice for power, consumer electronics and small and medium-sized energy storage in the recent period. According to China's "Technology Roadmap for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles", by 2020, the energy density target of pure electric vehicle power batteries is 300Wh/kg, the target for 2025 is 400Wh/kg, and the target for 2030 is 500Wh/kg. Obviously, whether it is a lithium iron phosphate battery or a ternary lithium battery , it is unbearable.

From April to July 2017, the author was fortunate to participate in the research activities jointly conducted by the China Battery and Power Industry Association's Power Battery Application Branch and the China Electric Vehicle 100 People's Association. At that time, the "solid lithium battery" was only a small number of researchers in China. A concept in the middle. However, at present, many enterprises have begun to “make a big move” in the field of solid-state lithium batteries. The new energy automobile industry with endurance anxiety urgently needs solid-state batteries to enter practical applications.

Solid-state lithium battery stands out

The reason why solid-state lithium batteries will make the industry look good is because it is expected to solve the two "challenges" that currently plague the power battery industry - safety hazards and low energy density.

Xiao Chengwei, a researcher at the 18th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, believes that the battery systems that can be industrialized in the medium and long term include solid-state lithium batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium-air batteries. As far as the current market situation is concerned, the energy density of all solid-state lithium batteries developed by some foreign companies can reach 300-400Wh/kg, which is expected to become an important development direction of the next generation of high-energy density power and energy storage battery technology.

It is understood that in addition to high safety and high energy density, solid-state lithium batteries also have long cycle life (reported film type all-solid metal lithium battery can cycle 45,000 times), wide operating temperature range (maximum operating temperature is expected to reach 300 °C or even higher), electrochemical window width (possible to reach 5V), flexibility advantages (can be prepared into thin-film batteries and flexible batteries), convenient recycling (there is no waste in theory, relatively simple processing). Therefore, Asahi Kasei's honorary technical director Mr. Yoshino Akira believes that the new generation of batteries, the closest to practicality is the solid state lithium battery.

In addition, some experts believe that about 80% of the production equipment of solid-state lithium batteries can be extended to the production equipment of traditional lithium batteries, but there is a higher demand in the production environment, which is undoubtedly the process of commercialization of solid-state lithium batteries. A major positive.

Domestic enterprise layout solid lithium battery process

Solid-state lithium batteries have been studied since the 1950s. However, in the early days, the electrochemical performance, safety, and engineering manufacturing of solid-state lithium batteries have not been able to meet the application requirements. In recent years, solid electrolyte materials, especially sulfide electrolyte materials, have made major breakthroughs, and solid-state lithium battery technology has gradually begun to attract worldwide attention. "Lithium" is not easy to take into reality, but in the field of solid-state lithium batteries, domestic companies have taken substantial steps.

The battery company that started the first shot of domestic public opinion was Yu Wei. In November 2016, Weiwei held a “World's First Solid State Lithium Battery and Fast Charge Battery Release Conference”. At the end of 2017, it announced that it can mass produce solid lithium batteries. It is understood that the electrolyte used by the company is a gel mixture (in the category of liquid lithium ion batteries), which is also questioned by the industry as "solid-state" is not a solid lithium battery.

Yi Cheng Xinneng cut into the lithium battery manufacturing process through the acquisition method. On November 24, 2017, Yicheng Xinneng announced that it plans to acquire 70% of the equity of Henan Pingmei Guoneng Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. for 70 million yuan. According to the news, Yichengxin can be a photovoltaic industry company with serious losses in its main business. It only has a conceptual description of the main products of solid-state lithium batteries, but it does not have the support of key data such as energy density, safety and cycle times. The aspect is also difficult to say optimistic.

Different from the two companies mentioned above, the layout of Haofeng Lithium Industry is more practical. On December 6, 2017, Haofeng Lithium announced that it plans to invest in the first-generation solid-state lithium battery R&D pilot production line with no more than 250 million yuan. It is worth mentioning that the solid-state battery expert, former researcher of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Materials, Dr. Xu Xiaoxiong and Yufeng Lithium Industry reached a strategic cooperation agreement, the goal is to achieve solid-state lithium battery industrialization within three years.

Here is Dr. Xu Xiaoxiong, who is responsible for the “all-solid-state lithium-ion energy storage battery” project in the “12th Five-Year Plan” new energy field of the Ministry of Science and Technology. He has long been committed to the research and development of solid-state battery technology, and public information shows that it has applied for it. More than 30 patents (6 international patents, 27 Chinese patents), of which 11 have been granted patents.

In addition, companies in the battery industry chain are also actively taking action. Ningde era, BYD, BAK battery, Waterma, Zhongtian Technology, and Dangsheng Technology have layouts in the field of solid-state lithium batteries. Among them, Ningde era carried out related research and development work in the direction of polymer and sulfide-based solid-state batteries and made initial progress; Zhongtian Technology Group and Qingdao Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences signed a contract to develop high-performance all-solid lithium batteries.

The author believes that the technical accumulation of domestic enterprises in the field of solid-state lithium batteries is not as great as that of foreign giants, but the domestic top-ranking batteries and related companies are carrying out technical reserves. The promotion of China's power battery industry in this field is at the forefront of the world. Although large-scale mass production is still unrealistic before 2020, as the Chinese Academy of Engineering Chen Liquan said, “If the energy density is further increased, it is necessary to consider solid-state lithium batteries from now on,” he said. We must vigorously support the research and development and industrialization of solid-state lithium batteries, so that China's lithium battery industry will run from the beginning to the lead. Developing solid-state lithium batteries is an urgent task!

Author: Caowu Jia

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