In 2007, global oil consumption reached 3.6 billion tons. According to data from the American professional journal *Oil and Gas Journal*, published on December 24, 2007, the world’s proven crude oil reserves could still last for another 51 years—until 2058—if used at the same rate. This figure highlights the urgency of addressing energy sustainability as the planet approaches a potential "post-oil era." Faced with this challenge, major developed countries have begun rethinking their energy strategies. For example, in June 2006, Japan officially released its *2030 Energy Strategy*, which covers all aspects of the country's energy use. The plan aims to cut Japan's reliance on oil from 80% to 40%, making it one of the most energy-efficient nations globally. It also emphasizes advancing power battery technology to a strategic level, positioning Japan as a leader in future energy solutions. When looking at China, the situation is even more urgent. With rapid economic growth, energy shortages are becoming increasingly severe. How can China find a sustainable path forward? Professor Yang Fuyuan, a member of the State Key Laboratory of Automobile Safety and Energy at Tsinghua University, offers an insightful perspective. He suggests that the integration of traditional and new energy technologies will be key. Specifically, the electrification of control systems and power units will play a central role in addressing both energy and environmental challenges. Hybrid engines, he argues, will be a crucial choice for the next decade. "Although homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) technology can achieve ultra-low emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter under certain conditions, it struggles to perform under high-speed and high-load situations," said Professor Yang. "Moreover, fuel efficiency improvements remain limited. While hybrid technology has significantly improved vehicle economics, it hasn’t fully solved the emission issues of internal combustion engines. Even when combining HCCI and hybrid systems, the problem of multi-energy integration during the transition period remains unsolved." To address these challenges, Professor Yang envisions a new type of engine that combines the best of various technologies: the hybrid engine. This system integrates an ISG (Integrated Starter Generator) engine with an intelligent control unit and an energy storage device. Its core features include mixed combustion, hybrid power, and flexible fuel usage. One notable component is liquid synthetic oil (GTL), made from diesel, gasoline, natural gas, coal, and biomass. GTL has zero sulfur content and a higher cetane number (75–80) compared to regular diesel (40–50), offering better performance and cleaner combustion. Professor Yang also introduced a state-of-the-art hybrid engine that utilizes feedback control of the combustion process. By using real-time signals such as cylinder pressure, ion current, knock detection, and optical sensing, the system can adjust combustion dynamically. This not only enhances engine balance but also reduces transient emissions, enabling self-adaptive combustion. Through the combination of hybrid combustion, hybrid power, and combustion state feedback control, the system achieves ultra-low emissions and significant energy savings. Based on these advancements, Professor Yang believes that hybrid engines with greater adaptability to different fuels represent a more practical and realistic option for internal combustion engine manufacturers in the coming years.

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