N330 belongs to hard Carbon Black, N330 is a kind of carbon black with good reinforcing property, which can give the rubber better tensile property, tear resistance, wear resistance and elasticity. Carbon Black N330,furnace black n330,black carbon N330 Henan Chuange Industry CO.,LTD , https://www.chuangegroup.com
ASTM designation N330
Other names: high abrasion furnace black (HAF)
Physical and chemical properties N330 is the most widely used high wear-resistant furnace carbon black, and its typical properties are as follows:
Iodine absorption value 82G / kg, DBP absorption value 102cm3 / 100g. The wear resistance of carbon black N330 is slightly worse than that of medium super wear-resistant series furnace carbon black, but better than that of groove carbon black.
Usage this product is suitable for tire tread, cord fabric rubber, sidewall and various rubber industrial products. Usage and function this product is a kind of carbon black with good reinforcing performance, which can give the rubber better strength and elongation
Tear resistance, wear resistance and elasticity. The rolling resistance of the passenger tire using this product (in N300 series carbon black) is only greater than N351, which is smaller than other varieties. It also has good dispersion and extrusion performance in rubber. It is suitable for all kinds of synthetic rubber and natural rubber.
1978 Celica XX: The First Supra
While later generations of the Toyota Supra evolved into serious grand tourers with supercar-like performance, the original model was quite different. In its home market, it wasn't even called a Supra; instead, it was known as the Celica XX, pronounced "double X." Export models carried the "Celica Supra" badge, but domestically, it was simply the Celica XX.
This 1980 Mark I Supra was captured at ToyotaFest 2013. The wheels aren't original, and we believe the car belongs to Ben Hsu of JapaneseNostalgicCar.com. For more images of this car or a very similar one, click the photo.
Below is a brief history of the Mark I Supra, written by acclaimed automotive historian Aaron Severson of AteUpWithMotor.com. Don't forget to check out his comprehensive series on the Second Generation Supra, Third Generation Supra, and Fourth Generation Supra. Enjoy!
As its name suggests, the Celica XX/Supra had strong ties to the second-generation Toyota Celica. Launched in 1970, the first Celica was Toyota's response to the Ford Capri or the original Ford Mustang: a compact, affordable sporty coupe with mechanicals borrowed from other models, enhanced by a diverse options list, and offering performance ranging from mild to spirited depending on the engine. The second-generation Celica, introduced in August 1977, followed the same path but was slightly larger, softer, and featured restyled sheet metal designed by Toyota's Southern California CALTY Design Research center.
The first-generation Celica offered engines with up to 145 hp JIS (though many weren't available in the U.S.), all with four cylinders. The logical progression was to add a six-cylinder engine, something competitors like the Capri had offered for years. At that time, Toyota lacked a V-6 small enough to fit where an inline-four would go. Thus, the Celica's body had to be extended forward to accommodate the corporate M-series engines used in the Toyota Mark II, Chaser, and Crown.
The result, unveiled in April 1978, was the Celica XX. This model used a modified version of the Celica Liftback body with its wheelbase increased from 98.4 to 103.5 inches (2,500 to 2,630 mm), along with a new front end that brought overall length to 181.1 inches (4,600 mm). The XX came with 14-inch wheels, four-wheel disc brakes, upgraded trim, and additional standard equipment, yet remained mechanically similar to the four-cylinder model, sharing the same suspension setup (MacPherson struts upfront and a live axle on coil springs in the rear, located by trailing arms) and even the same 16.1-gallon (61-liter) fuel tank.
Beneath the elongated hood sat one of two SOHC six-cylinder engines. The more affordable 2000 XX models featured the tax-efficient 1,988 cc (121 cu. in.) M-EU, rated at 125 hp JIS, while the pricier 2600 XX utilized the 2,563 cc (156 cu. in.) 4M-E with 140 hp JIS. Both engines employed Bosch-Denso L-Jetronic fuel injection and could be paired with either a five-speed manual gearbox or a four-speed Toyoglide automatic with overdrive.
The U.S.-market Celica Supra, introduced in 1979, offered only the 2,563 cc engine, initially rated at 110 SAE net hp. (It’s worth noting that JIS ratings of this era were gross figures—measured without engine accessories—so the discrepancy in power between the Japanese and American engines wasn’t as significant as it seems.) For the 1981 model year, this was replaced by the 2,759 cc (168 cu. in.) 5M-E engine from the latest Crown and Cressida sedans, boosting output to a robust 116 hp SAE.
If you sought a truly sporty Celica, the XX wasn’t your ideal choice. For roughly the same price as a 2000 XX, Japanese buyers could opt for the lighter Celica 2000 GT equipped with a fuel-injected 1,968 cc (120 cu. in.) DOHC four (developed by Yamaha, in which Toyota held a stake) delivering 135 hp JIS. However, U.S. customers didn’t have that option; all federalized four-cylinder Celicas used a mildly tuned, carbureted 2,189 cc (134 cu. in.) four producing 95 hp SAE (90 hp in California). Still, the Supra’s added weight meant the six-cylinder car wasn’t significantly faster than the four-cylinder Celica.
Where the six-cylinder models excelled was in smoothness, refinement, and low-end torque, allowing more relaxed cruising, especially with the automatic transmission. Toyota marketed the XX as "plush, lush," and the suspension was calibrated accordingly, featuring soft springs and dampers that prioritized comfort over handling. The 2000 XX had slower steering than regular Celicas, likely due to the extra front-end weight; the optional power steering (standard on the 2600 XX) was quicker but felt lifeless. It wasn’t a car for speed enthusiasts, though a stiffer suspension and an optional sport package were added for the 1981 model year.
A 1981 Toyota Supra, via Wikimedia.
American automotive publications like Car and Driver and Road & Track dismissed the Celica Supra as a soft luxury car akin to Chevrolet’s Monte Carlo. In Japan, however, the Celica XX carved out a unique niche. Its closest rivals were the Mazda Cosmo and the Nissan Skyline GT hardtop. The Cosmo was smaller than the XX and required one of the optional rotary engines to match the Toyota’s performance, while the Skyline lacked an engine larger than 1,998 cc (122 cu. in.) and was a two-door version of a sedan, not a sporty coupe. The Fairlady Z, which would later become the Supra’s main rival, cost substantially more in 2.8-liter form, whereas Mazda’s Savanna RX-7 was smaller and sharper-edged.
Sales of the first Celica XX/Supra never matched those of the cheaper, thriftier four-cylinder Celica, but the six-cylinder model’s similarity to its popular cousin likely made it relatively inexpensive to engineer and produce. Consequently, its sales were sufficient to warrant a return when the Celica lineup was revamped in 1981.
This time around, Toyota played it safe by introducing not one but two new models. The first was the Soarer, which shared the stretched Celica platform but had distinct styling and more features. The second, introduced five months later, was the second-generation Celica XX/Supra, which shared the Soarer’s engine and drivetrain but featured a firmer suspension and more aggressive styling.
A Toyota Soarer, as seen at Toyotafest 2013.
From then on, the Soarer continued the original XX’s role as a refined luxury cruiser, freeing the XX/Supra to evolve into a full-fledged sporty GT and paving the way for the racier Supras to come.
After the first generation, the Supra became more of a sports car and less of a "cruiser." Photo from ToyotaFest 2013.
Related Posts:
- The Third Shall Be First: 1986–1993 Toyota Supra
- Double-X Take Two: The 1982–1985 Celica XX, aka 2nd-gen Supra
- The Most And The Least: Toyota’s Fourth Gen Supra (1993–2002)
- Things You Might Not Know About Your Toyota Supra
- 4 Models We Wish Toyota Would Bring Back
- Discontinued Toyota Models That People Love