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Abstract Based on the introduction of the main performance indicators of self-ballasted LED bulbs, this paper compares China's national standards, the US ENERGY STAR standard, and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards (draft) on these performance indicators. Similarities and differences.
Preface With the rapid development of semiconductor lighting technology, various lamps and lamps with LED as a light source appear in large numbers, especially LED lamps that replace traditional light sources, for example, LED bulbs instead of ordinary incandescent lamps and self-ballasted fluorescent lamps. The lamp, instead of the reflective incandescent LED-R lamp and LED-PAR lamp, replaces the MR16 halogen lamp LED-MR16, which can easily replace the light source without replacing the traditional lamp.
The self-ballasted LED lamp is an LED lamp with a lamp head that integrates the stable ignition parts into one. In fact, the stable ignition parts of LEDs are not part of the ballasting parts. Since the draft IEC62560 "SELf-ballastedLED-lampsforgenerallightingservices50V-SafetyspecificatiONs" adopts the same Self-ballasted as the self-ballasted fluorescent lamps, the ballast is used to describe the driving of the LEDs. China's national standards are also literally translated as self-ballasted LED lights. In the US ENERGYSTAR (Energy Star) standard, it is called IntegralLEDLamp, which is an integral LED lamp.
First, the main performance indicators of self-ballasted LED lights (integrated LED lights) 1 lamp power The lamp power referred to here is the total input power of the whole lamp, it is not only the power consumed by the LED lighting device. Some enterprises mistake the power of the LED device as the power of the lamp. For example, three 1W LED light sources are used, and the rated power is set to 3W. Such an error will cause the measured power to exceed the standard requirements. In fact, the lamp power should also include the power consumed by the drive control circuit.
2. Power Factor The power factor is the ratio of active power to apparent power. The low power factor means that the reactive power is large, which will increase the line power consumption.
3. Luminous flux Luminous flux refers to the radiant energy that can be felt by the human eye. It is the most important indicator of the illumination source.
4. Light effect (luminous efficiency) is the luminous flux that can be emitted by unit power, which is calculated by dividing the luminous flux by the actual power consumption. It embodies the efficiency of the lamp to convert electrical energy into light energy, and the higher the lighting efficiency, the more energy efficient.
5. Color Features Color features are determined by color table and color rendering. The color of the light actually emitted by the lamp is called the color table and is determined by the chromaticity coordinates of the CIE1931 (x, y) chromaticity diagram; the effect of the spectral characteristics of the light emitted by the lamp on the surface of the object is called color rendering. In practical applications, color rendering is represented by a general color rendering index Ra.
6. Luminous Maintenance Rate The luminous flux maintenance rate is the ratio of the luminous flux of a lamp at a specific time during the life of the lamp to the initial luminous flux of the lamp, expressed as a percentage.
7. Switch Test The switch test is a test that repeatedly turns the lamp on and off to assess the ability of the lamp to withstand the impact of the switch. LED lights have obvious advantages over traditional light sources in terms of switching performance.
8. Lifetime is divided into single lamp life and average life. The life of a single lamp refers to the cumulative time from the ignition point to the failure of a lamp or to the time when its luminous flux maintenance rate is lower than the specified value. The average life is the cumulative time when the lamp's luminous flux maintenance rate meets the specified requirements and the lamp that can continue to burn to 50 reaches the life of a single lamp. Although the lamp can work but the lumen maintenance rate is very low, it can be considered that the lamp has lost its effective illumination function. Therefore, when the lumen maintenance rate is lower than a certain value, it is judged to be invalid. Some of the specified values ​​are 70, and some are 50. It should be noted that the life expectancy stated in the product specification refers to the average life, not the life of each lamp.
Second, the difference between the domestic and international standards for the performance of self-ballasted LED lights (integrated LED lights) compared to China's national standard GB/T24908-2010 "performance requirements for self-ballasted LED lights for general lighting", US ENERGYSTAR (Energy Star) The standard "ENERGYSTARProgramRequirementsforIntegralLEDLampsENERGYSTAREligibilityCriteria (released in December 2009)", and the International Electrotechnical Commission's IEC/PAS62612 "Self-BallastedLEDLampsforGeneraLightingServicesPerformanceRequirements" standard (draft) (hereinafter referred to as: GB/T24908, Energy Star standard, IEC draft) are Regarding the performance requirements of self-ballasted LED lamps, there are differences in the specific requirements of these three standards. These differences are described in detail in this paper so that they can be properly understood and used.
1. Lamp power GB/T24908 5.3 requirements: When the lamp is working at rated voltage and rated frequency, the difference between the actual power consumed and the rated power should not exceed 15 or 0.5W.
Considering the lamp with relatively low rated power, the rated value of the 15 is relatively small, which is difficult to control, and allows the power deviation to be relaxed to 0.5W. For example, a lamp with a rated power of 2W, a rated power of 15 is 0.3W, less than 0.5W. The maximum power deviation is allowed to be 0.5W; if the rated power is greater than 0.5W, then 15.
The difference between the actual consumed power and the rated power should not exceed 15 or 0.5W, that is, the actual power consumption is greater than the rated power or less than the rated power, and the positive and negative deviations of the power should meet the requirements.
Clause 7 of the IEC draft requires that the power loss of the LED lamp must not exceed 15 of the rated power, but only limits the range of actual power consumption above the rated power, that is, the upper limit is specified, and there is no limit to the negative power deviation.
Although the lamp power is not required in the ENERGY STAR standard, the standard mentions that it should also comply with UL1993-1999, and UL1993 specifies the positive power deviation: 10 0.5W not higher than the rated power.
2. Power factor GB/T24908 5.4 requires the actual power factor of the lamp to be lower than the manufacturer's nominal value when operating at rated voltage and rated frequency. 0.05. The specific value of the power factor is not specified in the standard. The quotient should be self-nominal, but the lower limit is specified for the actual power factor less than the nominal value. For example, if the nominal power factor is 0.95, the measured value is not less than 0.90.
Energy Star Standard Clause 4 requires that the power factor of lamp power less than or equal to 5W is not specified, and the average power factor of lamp power greater than 5W needs to be greater than or equal to 0.7. Because increasing power factor will affect cost and efficiency, and small Power lamps have less impact on the grid, so the regulations are relatively reasonable.
The IEC draft does not address power factor requirements.