Well-off coal mine is an iron law Coal Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. belongs to one of eight large modern mine, commissioned in November 1990. The mine design production capacity is 1.5 million t/a, and the approved production capacity in August 2005 was 2.6 million t/a. The central vertical shaft is used for single-level up and down mountain development and central side-by-side ventilation; the horizontal elevation of the bottom hole yard is -399m (depth 482m), and the return air level is -398m (depth 481m). The underground production system implements the “one well one side†production mode and the fully mechanized caving mining technology. The coal transportation realizes the tape continuous, and the main production links realize the monitoring transparency. Its well field is located in the eastern part of Kangping coal in Liaoning Province. Only one layer of coal is found in the mine field. Generally, the thickness can be 5~7m; the maximum recoverable thickness is 8.67m; the buried depth is 237~715m, the dip angle of coal seam is 5~12, generally about 7 It belongs to the Mesozoic Late Jurassic coal seam. Fully mechanized caving mining has the advantages of high yield, high education, safety and low consumption. This mining method has achieved remarkable economic and social benefits since it was adopted in the S1W3 section of Xiaokang Mine in October 1992. In the process of fully mechanized caving mining, Xiaokang Coal Mine always pays attention to the recovery rate of fully mechanized caving mining areas, adopts various measures to recover coal resources as much as possible, and improves the recovery rate of fully mechanized caving mining areas. 2 Using 3D seismic exploration technology to provide reliable geological data Since the Xiaokang mine was put into production, many medium and small normal faults have been exposed in the practice of excavation and mining production. No reverse faults have been discovered; many coal seam thinning and missing belts have been exposed; these geological problems are bound to lead to large-scale coal mining. Doing a good job in the geological work of fully mechanized caving mining area, providing the necessary geological basis for optimizing the design of fully mechanized caving mining is the basic guarantee for improving the recovery rate of fully mechanized caving mining area. To this end, Xiaokang Mine cooperated with the Geophysical Exploration Research Institute of China Coalfield Geological Bureau, and carried out three three-dimensional seismic exploration work in the South Second Mining Area, with a total exploration area of ​​4.1925km2. The geological data revealed during the mining of S2S3 and S2S6 fully mechanized caving face are basically consistent with the geological data provided by the 3D seismic. It can be seen that the geological data provided by the 3D seismic provides a reasonable geological guarantee for the rational mining design in the survey area. 3 Optimize the design of fully mechanized caving mining area Optimize the design of fully mechanized caving mining area, reasonably arrange the mining area roadway, and minimize the coal pillar loss in the mining area. Reasonably increasing the geometrical dimensions of the mining area and the fully mechanized caving face, and reducing the coal pillar design in the mining area is an important factor to improve the recovery rate of the fully mechanized caving mining area. Since the fully mechanized caving face is subject to objective conditions, there are objectively many coal losses, such as initial mining loss, stop mining loss, and end loss. The loss rate is closely related to the recoverable reserves of the working face; by increasing the geometrical dimensions of the working face Increasing the recoverable reserves can reduce the loss rate of coal relatively; therefore, when equipment and geological conditions and soft rock roadway support are allowed, try to increase the face length and effective propulsion length of the fully mechanized caving face, so as to improve the fully mechanized caving Mining area recovery rate. Before the optimization design, the face length of the fully mechanized caving face is 135~150m, and the effective propulsion length is 445~700m. After the optimization design, the face length of the fully mechanized caving face is 200~220m, and finally reaches more than 300m; the effective propulsion length is 1620m, and finally reaches 2400m. The size of the section coal pillars is 20~25m before the optimization design, which increases the coal loss rate. After the optimization design, it adopts 5~8m, which improves the recovery rate of the fully mechanized caving mining area. For the Shangshan and Shimen of the mining area and the diversion group of the mining area, the lanes are provided along the air, and there is no protective coal pillar; and the three middle lanes of the mining area do not have protective coal pillars, and the coal pillars can be arranged with a width of the fully mechanized caving face. The middle lane is protected, and the fully mechanized caving face is arranged for mining after the mining area is mined; thereby improving the recovery rate of the fully mechanized caving mining area. In the process of optimizing the fully mechanized caving mining area, according to Xiaokang Mine, the problems of soft rock roadway support and thick coal seams are very easy to be ignited, and the data provided by the 3D earthquake will be used to design the three mining areas (South 2nd and South). Third, the South 4 mining area is merged into one mining area layout; the upper and lower mountains of the mining area are concentrated in the boundary of the mining area, and the middle lane is arranged in the middle of the mining area; the two-wing tendency is inclined and the backward inclined mining is carried out. The slope lengths of the south and north wings of the South Second Mining District are more than 1600m respectively. Obviously, due to the merger of the mining areas, the protective coal pillars between the two mining areas and the mining areas have been eliminated, thus improving the recovery of the fully mechanized caving mining area. rate. 4 Adopting rear inserting type low position coal caving hydraulic support The ZFS7200/17/29H low-position top coal hydraulic support is adopted, and the matching end brackets are ZTF25000/24/35S type and transition bracket ZFG7200/22/30H type; the front and rear transport planes are all SGZ-880/ Type 800 transport aircraft. 5 Optimize production process 5.1 Optimization of coal caving step Before the optimization, the method of “two mining and one release†(ie, the step of placing coal is 1.2m) and the method of coal caving in the order of the coal is adopted. The actual situation on the site shows that the top coal moves with the moving frame, because the first pass is moved. Without coal, a triangular coal belt is formed on the lower floor of the rear conveyor, causing coal loss. The bottom width of the triangular coal belt is 0.6m for one pass and the average height is 1.2m. According to the 200m face length, it is calculated as 76.83t; since it is a triangle coal that is thrown twice in two times, it is equivalent to 38.411 coal lost per pass, and the loss rate is 2.6%. After the optimization, the “one-and-one-release†(ie, the step of releasing coal is 0.6m) is adopted, which avoids the loss of coal accumulation and has a good effect. 5.2 Optimization of coal mining method The coal-removing method adopted before the optimization is to release the coal in a single round of sequential order, which can simplify the operation procedure; through the coal quality inspection and check the recovery rate, it is found that the mixing rate is higher, reaching 8%, and the recovery rate of coal is higher. Low, only 85%; this is because once the top coal is discharged, the top plate is followed by the falling, and when the coal is placed next to the adjacent support, the mixing phenomenon will occur prematurely, resulting in increased mixing; In the later stage of coal, the coal slag is mixed seriously, and there are fewer coals, so it is only necessary to close the board, resulting in an increase in coal losses. On the basis of this research, the coal caving method was optimized, and the sequential two-wheel reentry method was adopted after optimization. This can make the top coal evenly sink, which can maximize the top coal release and reduce the mixing; The recovery rate of the test and check calculation, the recovery rate of the process during the recovery period reached 90%, and the mixing rate was 5%. 6 Reforming the comprehensive placement of the work When designing the fully mechanized caving face, the layout of the two lanes is the same section, and the floor of the roadway is drilled along the coal seam floor; due to the large mine pressure, the direct floor is the siltstone with large mud mass, which causes serious damage to the bottom of the roadway, which not only leads to The roadway is seriously unstable, and the raw coal ash content increases, and the coal quality declines. Therefore, the layout of the two lanes of the fully mechanized caving face is changed to adopt the same section, and the tunnel bottom is left with 1.0~1.5m coal, and the average is about 1.2m. In order to control the bottom of the roadway and improve the recovery rate, the following measures are taken: (1) forms two gateway support beam 36U 4.4m are used to set up a circular metal stent, shotcrete, playing composite anchor support; 600mm from the shed; bolt using the steel bolt M20 × 2400mm, selected resin Long anchoring, 3 resin anchoring agents per hole, first loaded with CK2335 anchoring agent, then loaded with Z2335 anchoring agent; anchoring length is 1110mm, anchoring force is 150kN; tray adopts 120mm×120mm×10mm high strength tray ; between the anchors, the row spacing is 800mm × 600mm, five-eye arrangement. (2) The bottom anchors are used in both lanes. (3) When digging in the two lanes, the coal seam thickness of the roadway is detected daily, and the control is between 1.0 and 1.5 m. (4) Before the two lanes are harvested, during the advanced support of the construction of the comprehensive maintenance team, the artificial undercover is ensured to ensure that the floor of the roadway is the coal seam floor. 7 Minimize the impact of construction on coal recovery Strengthen the geological prediction and forecasting work, and provide reliable geological data to relevant departments in a timely manner, and make inferences about the faults and coal seam thinning, the location of the missing zones, and the scope of influence, and strive to be accurate and reliable. In the design and construction of fully mechanized caving face, a more flexible method is adopted, and large faults are used as the mining area and section boundaries as much as possible. Under the premise of accurately grasping the geological and hydrogeological and gas occurrence conditions, the fault coal pillars are kept at the minimum size. For the faults with coal seam thickness and fault drop ≥2.0m, the direct hard method is adopted and the mining method is adopted. In the process, the preparations for the faults were completed in advance and the technical management was strengthened. 8 Conclusion The mining area recovery rate is an important indicator reflecting the design, development layout and production technology management level of the mining area. Xiaokang Mine effectively controls the loss of coal resources through the above methods and measures, so that the actual recovery rate of the fully mechanized caving mining area reaches over 80%. Exceeding the national standards; Xiaokang Mine attaches great importance to improving the recovery rate of fully mechanized caving mining areas, and promotes the standardization and reserve supervision of the basic work of reserve management; the improvement of the recovery rate of fully mechanized caving mining areas has promoted the high output of the mine and the excavation The rate is low, the mining face continues to be normal, and the mine has good economic benefits.
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Take effective measures to improve the recovery rate of fully mechanized caving mining areas
1 Mine overview