Analysis of Working Principles and Development of Industrial Robots

With the rapid development of smart manufacturing in the world, smart manufacturing has become an important part of manufacturing, especially the wide application of industrial robots, which has a profound impact on the development of China's machinery industry and the pattern of division of labor, and promote the formation of new Production methods, industrial forms, and business models. Intelligent equipment consisting of various types of industrial robots (underwater robots, welding robots, palletizing robots, painting robots, assembly robots, etc.) is significantly superior to manpower in terms of work efficiency and quality, and has become the choice of more and more manufacturing companies. Robots are much more efficient than humans when doing a lot of repetitive, single work because they are very accurate. No matter how many hours they have been working, they can still drill holes in the same place and use the same force to tighten the screws.
According to reports, the concept of “smart manufacturing” was first proposed in 1988. Professor PWWright of New York University and DA Bourne of Carnegie Mellon University published the book “Smart Manufacturing”. This is the first time that this futuristic vocabulary has emerged. It states that "the purpose of intelligent manufacturing is to model the skills and expertise of manufacturing technicians through integrated knowledge engineering, manufacturing software systems, robot vision, and machine control. Intelligent robots produce small batches without human intervention."
Intelligent manufacturing industry chain covers intelligent equipment (robots, CNC machine tools, service robots, other automation equipment), industrial Internet (machine vision, sensors, RFID, industrial Ethernet, data collectors), industrial software (ERP/MES/DCS systems, etc.) ), 3D printing, and integration of automation systems and production line integration of the above links.
It can be said that industrial robots are the most representative equipment for smart manufacturing. An industrial robot usually consists of three parts: a mechanical part, a sensing part, and a control part. These three parts are divided into six subsystems. They are:
Drive system, mechanical structure system, sensory system, robot-environment interaction system, human-computer interaction system, and control system.
At present, the most common manufacturing robot is a robotic arm. A typical robotic arm consists of seven metal parts that are joined by six joints. The computer will rotate a stepper motor connected to each joint to control the robot (some large robot arms use hydraulic or pneumatic systems).
In addition, there are common robots that can act autonomously. This robot has a collision sensor that detects obstacles. When you start the robot, it generally follows a straight line. When it hits an obstacle, the impact force acts on its collision sensor. Every time a collision occurs, the robot's program instructs it to retreat, turn right again, and then continue. In this way, the robot changes its direction as soon as it encounters an obstacle.
Advanced robots use this principle in a more sophisticated way. Robotics experts will develop new programs and sensing systems to create more intelligent and more perceptive robots. Today's robots can play in a variety of environments.
With the development of science and technology, various types of advanced robots will be used in more and more fields. With the increase of labor costs in China, robots will have broad application prospects in China's industries.

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